“Men’s Leofestan!” The manuscript change of an old English formula – thijs Porck

“Men’s Leofestan!” “Men’s Sheath Leofestan!” “Men’s Leofestan!” These blog writing deals In the ways of the early medieval English statement of an old English phrase that is very common.

Men’s Leofestan! Many old English will first English fish

If you had to go to church in the early Middle Ages, “Male’s Leofestan!” You are very likely to be able to hear their words. (Dear people!). Expression for old English agants are more common than 200 times. In fact, the priests were the most common way to start the sermons. This is reflected in different medieval manuscripts, which reflect the decorated versions of the phrase to express the places where a new house began. If a few hosts start in the same manuscript, how would you say these houses separately?

It is interesting that this was aware of the potential difficulty, and as a result, it shows a surprising variability when it comes to decorating this initial English formula. A case at the point is six homes that started this statement in the 12th century below.

Each sentence is unique. For example, all of the initial m is clearly different: some are completely green, while others are red, and the full m is completely red and slightly red. In addition to different initials, the capitalization of the remaining part of the phrase is: some of the first words (men) capitalize, others also capitalize in the second word (men ð).

The more dramatic change, the last late Vercelli book of the tenth century, which began with the phrase “Male þa Leofestan”, becomes in various old English fables:

Here, too, Scribe distinguishes that the statements are written in the capitals: Men’s JPA Leofestan; Men ða; Men ða Leo; Men; Men; Menn ð (a). Sensitive adorned initial m (two people starting with head and little head on the left (those on the left? One inside To create a word in ða ða.

In these ways, Cotton Faustina A.Ix and Vercelli book clearly differ in the same way: “Male’s Leofestan”.

Old English Bede edges “Leofestan of Male’s”

Although houses are added to the edges of a manuscript, try to distinguish these homes with the same opening formula. This is very clear from the manuscript of old English English The spiritual history of the English people.

This special manuscript of the old English bed is known for its marginalization Treatment of treatment against ears, whites and stomach and a Magic Sator Square. None of the six people have been added to the decisions, and four of them start starting with a well-known expression of “Men’s Leofestan”:

Each house starts from the same expression, but they are different capitals. The second house (bottom left) is simply “men ð. L.” – Scribe clearly accepted that he was familiar with the reader’s statement!

There is a lot of “m”: “Male’s þa Leofestan”, in accordance

Another manuscript, which is a very example of the initial formula “Male’s Leofestan”, is the “Blickling Homili” of the tenth / eleventh. Anyone responsible for the initials described in this manuscript made a lot of effort to make different types:

Every capital here is m unique! Unfortunately, our Anglo-Saxon M-artist seems to be a little overozcuard in this manuscript, because it should not be accidentally:

“M Hiraþ Nu Men’s Leofestan!” (M hear, dear people). This seems to have been devoted from the standard example of Blickling Homilies by presenting the Heraþ verb, “Heraþ” can see a footsteps of the EU), but you are used to write the capitals of the capital, which is a default. Oops!

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