“Statistical meaning” and the meaning of P-values
In progress of psychological science and practices 2019 the papers found most of the psychology textbooks, the instructors and most students interpret “statistical meaning” and p-Alues. Talk about a title! It is more important than the title, however, rectum Interpretations and what we can do rectum Incorrect extended interpretations. In this post, I explain the findings of the authors and the three solutions they propose.
Bad news
89% of incoming psychology text books miscorrectly described in the wrong meaning (Cassidy et al. 2019). Therefore, 100% of psychology, 80% of methodological observers and 90% of scientific psychologists (Haller & Kraus 2002). Yikes!
So what is the right description of a P-value?
The meaning of “statistical meaning” and P“
The meaning of “statistical meaning” can be called “meaning” and “meaning”? No. It’s more technical than that. So what is the technical definition?
Here is the definition of the jargon of “statistically significant” (e.g. p <0.05):
The null hypothesis is true and the exams are repeated that a infinite number is repeated by drawing random samples of the same population, which will be less than 5% less than 5% of the results
Adaptation of Cassidy and Klein 2013 colleagues, p. 75
In other words, a p“ is the likelihood of observing an extreme relationship as observed, assuming null hypothesis is true.
(Update 2023: “NULL Hypothesis“It often refers to a zero value, but it can be” other value “in the proposed interest Some alternative hypotheses we want to compare the views (Cassidy et al., 2019, 234. Page). For example, a coin might test whether it is a “fair” testing after 100 coins after continuing the amount of time. You can calculate a p-No not represent the likelihood of observing heads in the experi- RESULTS OF A Mental Results of a coin: 50% (0% 0%).)
These definitions’p-Alue ‘and’ null hypotheses’ is why it is smaller byValues are seen as reasons to reject null hypotheses. Small p-They means that the result is the low probability that the null hypothesis is true.
(2023 Update: Rarely caused by low p-Als can tempt too much to infer, especially p-Balue is less than a conventional threshold like 5% (aka, p = 0.05). However, the result of the 5% probability is not as rare as it can think: the dry coin heads of the coin is at least 59% of 59%.
Is it 59 from 100 flip, different than 100 coins, that coins are fair to reject your alternative hypothesis? “NULL hypothesis test tests” would say yes! As you can imagine, some want to re-examine this Convention (2013 Kline, Cumming & Calin-Jageman 2016, 2024).)
P-Value and statistics Meaning of Falaki
How to do “statistical meaning” descriptions and byThe values above depends on what we get from textbooks, from methodological observers, scientists and students?
Below is Cassidy and Collesen 1. There are “Phagos” category descriptions (2019). 1., 5. And 6. Falls are the most ones I hear.
What can you do about it?
What is the understanding of understanding that you understand and the correct definition, what should you do? Cassidy et al. Give the following tips:
- Fix textbooks.
- Remove discussions about the period from books.
- Use their free teaching materials in the field of open science: https://osf.io/qg9t2/
In addition to trying to spread news in this post, I also teach about P-values in my probability section Logic Course. If you are not sure about what you can do, you can share this message with someone you may be interested.
